It was built by Dayanat-ud-Daulah, a khwajasara (eunuch) of King Wajid AN Shah and incharge of his Pari Khana-the centre of music, dance and drama at Qaiser Bagh that functioned during the days when Wajid Ali was the heir apparent. The khwajasara was earlier named Mohammed Ali Khan but when the title Dayanat-ud-Daulah was conferred upon him he came to be known as Muatamad Ali Khan (Muatamad means trustworthy). He had built the Karbala as his burial place.

Shah ast Hussain, Badshah ast Hussain
Deen ast Hussain, Deen Panah ast Hussain
Sardad na dad dast, dar dast-e-yazeed,
Haqaa key bina e La ila ast Hussain
Ruler is Hussain, Emperor is Hussain,
Faith is Hussain, guardian of faith is Hussain,
Offered his head and not the hand to Yazid.
‘Indeed, Hussain is the foundation of La-ilah
(the
declaration that none but God is absolute and almighty)

Hussain Ibne Ali, (grandson of the Prophet Mohammed pbuh , son of Ali ibne Abu Talib and Fatima binte Mohammed pbuh) sacrificed himself and his family, friends, including his six month old son rather than give an oath of allegiance to the Ummayyad ruler, Yezid, who being impious would have put the survival of Islam in danger. He refused to bow down before tyranny and oppression. His fight was for truth against injustice and he did it by showing that those who have right on their side can face any numerical superiority or force, with faith and dignity.

Every year the start of the first Islamic month of Moharrum marks a month of mourning for Hussain ibn e Ali or Imam Hussain as he is called. Nowadays, with the growing sectarian and communal divides between religions and sects this period of mourning is being observed increasingly only by Shias the world over and that too under an atmosphere of fear.

But in India this is not the case. From childhood I remember it was an inter- faith activity and more taziyas ( replica of Imam Hussain ‘s mausoleum used in ritual processions held in the month of Muharram) were kept and taken out in processions by the local populace comprising of Sunnis, Hindu and Christian families, all observing this tradition of paying homage to Hussain, than the Shias themselves.
Imambaras (building where Muharram is commemorated) were and are open to all communities and there is no ban on anyone wanting to enter, attend majlis (religious gathering to commemorate Karbala), pay homage etc.
The mother of a Hindu Brahmin school friend of my husband told me that even today the village Taziya starts from their house, in their village near Sitapur, U.P.
My aunt informs me that the biggest taziya procession in Allahabad is taken out by Sunnis and is called Bada (big) Taziya and Budha (old) taziya.
In many villages there is a tradition that if a barren woman walks under the taziah, she is granted a child. One of my vivid childhood memories is of our sweeper Kamala, who took a taziya for her children.

Hindus and Muslims take out taziyas in Rajanagar, Birbhum ( from Hindustan Times)
http://www.hindustantimes.com/photos-news/Photos-World/Muharram/Article4-778675.aspx
Fahad Hussain a very popular Indian RJ in radio Mirchi, Dubai has this to say:

“Our family is old taluqedaar’s of Inhauna, a village in Amethi , 70 KMs from Lucknow. Though we are Sunni’s, our family has taken the lead in taaziyadaari and alam bardaari from many centuries past. Best part is that in Inhauna has no Shias but still we have a Imambaras which was built by us and we have the biggest taaziya built specially in Kazmaen in Lucknow on ashoora, my father, Ch. Azhar Hussain an erstwhile taluqedaar used to recite nauha on 2nd and 9 and 10th Moharrum. We even hold aag ka maatam in our village, which is so popular that people from Lucknow come down to have a glimpse of aag ka maatam. ‘Khichda’, (a dish associated with Moharrum) ‘dul dul’ (horse symbolic of Imam Hussain’s horse) , ‘alam’ ( the war standard of Imam Hussain’s army), are part and parcel of our lives in Inhauna. Not just Moharram, but even Dusherra is still organised on our ground and on our own expense. I grew up seeing Ravan being built in our compound with huge bamboo sticks and colored paper. I am thankful to my family who inculcated so secular values in us.”

There are many instances of active participation by Sunnis and Hindus all over India.

People of all faiths participated in large numbers in the procession taken out as part of Muharram in Dharwad, Karnataka ( from The Hindu, November 26, 2012)
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/processions-selfflagellation-marks-muharram-in-dharwad/article4136059.ece

“Every Muharram, the remote Muthuvanthidal hamlet in Sivaganga district turns a picture of religious harmony. The Hindus in the southern village observe the Muslim holy day by performing rituals like walking on burning coals, more common to Hinduism. Ironically, the village has about 400 Hindu families, but no Muslims.”

Nowadays there is a disturbing trend in urban areas, as space becomes tight, so are hearts, but I hope and pray to God that India remains the multi plural, multi ethnic, multi cultural society that it always was.
During Moharrum there is a popular tradition of reciting nauhas (songs of lamentation) and from my childhood I remember the words of one particular nauha:

Hussain (as) agar Bharat mein aate toh sheeshe mein utaare jaate
Haaye yoon Qamr-e-Bani Hashim dhokhe mein na maare Jaate,
(If Hussain had come to Bharat he would have been treated with respect
Alas, the Moon of Bani Hashim (tribe) would not have been slain by subterfuge)

The significance of the words did not strike me then as India and Iraq in the 60’s seemed very far apart but the wonder that is Internet has made me realize the Indian connection and how he could have come here. It is said that Imam Hussain who wanted to avoid a confrontation with Yezid’s army had considered travelling to India which he had heard was a “tolerant country,’ before he finally left for Kufa in Iraq, after receiving an invitation from Kufans.
But confrontation was destined and Yezid’s army encircled Husain in the plains of Karbala, in Iraq and forced a battle on him, as Hussain refused to give the oath of allegiance to Yezid.

On 10th of Moharrum, 61 A.H (10th October 680A.D), Hussain ibn e Ali stood up to face the armies of the Yazid I, the Umayyad caliph, his army was a motley band of 72 friends and relatives, which also included his six-month son Ali Asghar. What is unknown by many is that his entourage of 200 men and women also included people of other faiths as well: Wahab Kalbi, a young Christian who joined Imam Hussain on the instructions of his mother, John an African Christian and some Hindu Brahmins.

Wah Dutt Sultan,
Hindu ka Dharm
Musalman ka Iman,
Aadha Hindu Aadha Musalman
Oh! Dutt, the king
[Who follows] the religion of the Hindu
And the faith of the Muslim
Half Hindu, half Muslim

The Dutts mentioned in above poem belong to a Brahmin clan, who can be traced to a chieftain named Dutt who accompanied Alexander the Great on his return journey to Macedonia, as an envoy of Raja Porus. When Alexander died on the way, at Babylon, Datt along with his followers drifted to Arabia and settled there and flourished.
By the time of the battle of Karbala, they were well established and said to be close to the family of the Prophet.
In the battle of Karbala, their potentate, Rahab Sidh Datt, , fought on the side of imam Hussain and sacrificed his seven sons
Poroo
Ram Singh
Haras Rai
Rai Pun
Sahas Rai
Sher Khan
Dharoo
in the battle
From then on their sect was called Hussaini Brahmins.

Colonel Ramsarup Bakshi (retd), a member of this community, told Pune Mirror that there certainly is an “element of surprise” when he introduces himself as a Hussaini Brahmin. “The employees in the factory I run now were taken aback when I told them about my community. ‘Asapan asta ka?’ (Is it so?) They exclaimed.” Bakshi said his community remains proud of its ancestral links to Imam Hussain, and they recall this bond on Ashura with great reverence. “We are a very, very small community in Pune, but this single piece of history is of seminal significance in our lives and binds us together, both Hindus and Muslims.” Most importantly, Bakshi emphasised, “We symbolise the centuries-old bond shared by Hindus and Muslims in this part of the world.”

Noted lawyer-activist Netraprakash Bhog, also a Hussaini Brahmin, said he is proud of his community. “Hussaini Brahmins hold a special place in the history of Islam. Our ancestors fought alongside Imam Hussain for the cause of truth and justice. We still cherish those sacrifices made by our community.”
http://www.hindu.bz/hindu-brahmins-fought-for-imam-hussain.html
Among the famous Hussaini Brahmins is Sunil Dutt. Shaukat Khanum Hospital has the recorded fact that Indian film star Sunil Dutt, who belonged to Lahore, made a donation to the hospital and recorded the following words: ‘For Lahore, like my elders, I will shed every drop of blood and give any donation asked for, just as my ancestors did when they laid down their lives at Karbala for Hazrat Imam Hussain.”
http://shahernama.com/karbala-lahore-and-hussaini-brahmins/
Barkha Dutt, the famous journalist is also descended from the Hussaini Brahmin sect.
During the month of Moharrum, the Hussaini Brahmins also mourn the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, a tradition that has come down the ages.

This year an All India Hussaini Brahmin Conference held in Panipat on 12th January, where ceremonial mourning was also a part of it. There is a mention of a 186 year old magazine taken out by the Mohiyal community, with each issue carrying an article on Imam Hussain.



There are numerous articles on the web of instances of Hussaini Brahmins observing the month of Moharrum as one of mourning for Imam Hussain.

A Times of India report in 2008 records how for the first time in recent memory people claiming the lineage to Hussaini Brahmins joined the Muharram rituals in Muzaffarpur.
Asked why this practice remained discontinued for decades Sharma, a practicing lawyer, said: “We can say this was the fault of our fathers and grandfathers who did not teach us about this aspect of our historical and cultural heritage.”

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-21/patna/27750686_1_muharram-procession-hazrat-imam-hussain-month-of-islamic-calendar

Mrs. Sarojini Naidu said,
“Hazrat Imam Hussain (AS) does not belong only to the Muslims but He is a treasure, common to all the creatures of the Almighty Allah.”
On 10 Muharram, 680 AD, Hussain Ibn e Ali sent a message of courage in face of oppression, unity in face of opposition, patience in face of danger, steadfastness in face of treachery, forbearance when faced with sacrifice for Truth was above all.

Have we forgotten that?

Hazrat Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet pbuh and according to the Shias his chosen successor because of the Prophet’s pronouncement in Ghadeer :

Man Kunto Maula

Fa hada Aliyun Maula

For those whom I am Maula

Ali is also a Maula

The interpretation of Maula is taken by the Shias as leader and by others as friend.

Except for Naqshbandi Sufis all other Sufi silsilas go back to Ali.

The Safavis of Iran were Shias ( Shia itself means friend and so Shia means friends of Ali) and they were responsible for the spread of Shia faith in Iran and to some other parts of the world.

The fall of the Safavid dynasty and the growth of the Mughal dynasty in India saw an exodus of many Persian nobles to India. Many were all raised to positions of importance in the Mughal court. Nur Jahan was a Shia and many Shias gained high positions in Jahangir’s reign.

Aurangzeb however was a strict Sunni Muslim and did not encourage Shias and many faced persecution under him.

Edward Gibbon the famous British historian said for Hazrat Ali : “The zeal and virtue of Ali were never outstripped by any recent proselyte. He united the qualifications of a poet, a soldier, and a saint; his wisdom still breathes in a collection of moral and religious sayings; and every antagonist, in the combats of the tongue or of the sword, was subdued by his eloquence and valour.”

Ali was the epitome of knowledge, wisdom. Generosity and valour and he was given the title of Shah e Mardan : King of men. Therefore many dargahs devoted to Ali are called Shah e MArdan. In fact there is a qawwali on Ali

Shah-e-Mardan Sher-e-Yazdan

Quwat–e-Parwardigar

La fata Illa Ali La Saif Illa Zulfiqar

(King of men, Lion of Yazdan

Strength of God

There is no one unconquerable like Ali

There is no sword like Zulfiqar.)

So it should come as no surprise to anyone that Ali is the one whose help is invoked by those in time of need.

The storyof the Dargah in Aliganj (Jorbagh) is also related to this.

In the 15^th or 16^th century ( no exact dates are available for this) a Shia man Arif Shah was running from persecution . He was followed by the army. Tired from running he stopped to rest in Aliganj on the exact spot that his dargah is made and started invoking Ali.

Ya Ali madad.

Very soon he saw a very very gentleman who put his hand on his head and kept pressing it down till he became as small as a 2 year old child. The army very soon caught up with him but to their surprise they saw only a small child and they moved on. Arif Shah soon came back to his normal size and saw that the spot on which his savior Maula Ali had stood was a footmark. The dargah of Hazrat Arif Shah was built on this place. His urs is in the month of sawan.

In the compound of his dargah is  curved Bangla type bulding. It was initially a mosque but today is used for residential purposes by the caretakers and a storehouse.He established a dargah there called Dargah Qadam Sharif.

The photograph below is the actual Qadam Sharif or footmark of Hazrat Ali

This small building made by him was later improved upon and rebuilt on a grander scale by Qudsia Begum, one of the wives of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah ‘Rangeela’ in 1719–48.

Next to the QadamSharif or footmark is a another shrine which is called Bibi ki Chakki. It is said to be the millstone used by Bibi Fatima the daughter of the Prophet and Hazrat Ali’s wife. Respecting her desire for purdah I have not clicked any photographs of the shrine though this is somewhere I go very often to pray and ask for fulfillment of wishes.

Another shrine dedicated to Imam Musa Kazim has also been built .

Most people wrongly attribute the establishment of the Dargah itself to Qudsia Begum but that is inaccurate.

She was probably responsible for this present structure and the mosques in the compound.

There is a majlis khana which has been added to by the son of Justice Murtaza FAzle Ali as per his wishes.

The Dargah once spread as far as Safdarjung’s tomb. In fact the Nawab’s body was kept in the Dargah while the tomb was being built.

Attached to the dargah is a mosque – Lal Masjid.

The entrance once the Naubat khana is not in a very healthy state today.

Nearby is another enclosure called the Karbala after the battlefield and burial place of Hazrat Ali’s son Imam Hussain who was martyred there along with his friends and family.

Karbalas in India are now a generic name for Shia cemeteries and the place where taziya processions end on 10^th Moharrum.

This place is one of the oldest Shia burial places in the city too.

At the entrance of the Karbala is a unique mosque. The only built structure there is a mehrab wall. It is called the Qanaati Masjid (mosque of the awning) after the permanent awning used to provide shelter to the worshippers. This is dated as being late Mughal period. It is said to have had underground chambers which are now inaccessible. It was built of rubble masonry but like many buildings in Delhi and elsewhere has been plastered and painted over.

The only significant structure inside the Karbala is a small mausoleum called the tomb of Mah Khanam. It is not known who Mah Khanam was, but the tomb was built approximately around ad 1726. This is a square building with a vaulted roof; a staircase descends underground on one side, leading to the marble-covered gravestone in the crypt below. Mah Khanam’s Tomb has been plastered and painted over to such an extent that you can’t see any signs of decoration it might have sported earlier.

The only other significant grave is of Justice Murtaza Fazale Ali.

There are some random graves but today all burial there has been stopped.
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Today the Karbala is a site of ongoing land dispute between the Karbala authorities and a nursery, which has been set up there. It has seen many protests between owners of Rajdhani Nursery and Anjuman e Haideri (the Dargah trust) and local Shias. Today there is a police guard permanently stationed and entry is restricted.