Prof Romila Thapar writes about the Allahabad Ashoka Pillar
“It was probably originally cut, sculpted and polished at Chunar (near Varanasi), from where a number of pillars were quarried. The sculpting and the polishing were done on site and, possibly, even the engraving. It was engraved on the orders of Ashoka Maurya and first erected at Kaushambi, a city of political importance in the neighbourhood of what is now Allahabad. Some centuries later, it was shifted to its present location in the Allahabad fort. Its surmounting capital was, possibly, a seated lion, now lost.”
On it are inscribed 6 of the 7 edicts that were issued by Ashoka in 240 BCE.
Written in Brahmi script, the Prakrit language edicts talk of the dhamma as a system of social ethics which was central to Ashoka.

It also contains the Schism Edict which states that those monks and nuns who cause dissension in the Sangha are to be expelled.

In 4th c CE Samudragupta had an inscription engraved on it. This was composed by the poet Harishena in Sanskrit and written in the Gupta Era Brahmi script.

The third inscription on it was engraved on orders of Emperor Jahangir

Prof Romila Thapar has examined the 3 inscriptions & writes “The Gupta inscription endorses all that was contrary to what was said in the Edicts, as it glorifies conquest through violence. Dharma for the Guptas was the Brahmanical Dharma. They had no idea who the author of the earlier inscriptions was, but presumably the pillar appeared an impressive object. A lion capital would have given it an added royal significance.Was it an attempt by the Guptas, who were of a non-kshatriya caste, to claim the legitimacy to rule by inscribing their deeds on the pillar? In their other inscriptions, much was made of their marital alliance with the high status Licchavis.”

Jahangir ‘s inscription is composed in Persian and written in a fine nastaliq script by the emperor’s favourite calligrapher, Abdullah Mushkin Qalam.
“The inscription records the ancestry of Jahangir. It is almost as if the pillar by now was recognised as bestowing legitimacy on rulers. “

https://guftugu.in/2018/06/pillar-of-ashokamaurya-romila-thapar/

A baby was born in Sijistan (modern-day Sistan) in Iran around 536 AH or 1141/42 AD. His parents named him Moinuddin Hasan, and are said to have affectionately called him Hasan. Today, he is known by many names, the most famous of them being Khwaja Garib Nawaz and Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti. His life is described in the famous book Siyar ul Arifin (Biographies of Mystics) written in the 16th century by the famous Sufi saint, Jamali, who collected stories from Iran and India.

The little child was special and showed his famous earth-like generosity right from his infancy itself. It is said that whenever any woman with a child came to his house and that child cried for milk, he would signal to his mother to give his share to that baby.

The turning point in his life came when he was in his teens. His father Saiyed Ghiyasuddin Hasan had died, and Moinuddin Hasan lived on his earnings from a garden and water mill, left to him by his father. A mazjub or a saint, Ibrahim Qandoozi, intoxicated by the thought or nearness of God came into that garden as Hasan was watering it. The young Moinuddin Hasan welcomed him and offered him some grapes. The saint was greatly pleased and taking out a piece of cake from his bag, chewed on a piece of it and then put it in the mouth of the young boy. As soon as he ate it, he experienced a change within him – a strange repulsion for worldly goods. He sold his garden and water mill and distributed the proceeds among the local mendicants.

He started living in Samarqand and Bukhara and studied the Quran and religious texts. After some years he went to Harwan in Nishapur (Iran) where he practised austerities under Sheikh Usman Harawani. He served his sheikh for many years. The search for knowledge led Moinuddin Hasan to many cities and he spent some time with the famed Baghdad Sufi saint Ghaus ul Azam of Abdul Qadir Jilani. Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan became very famous as a mystic and thousands would flock to him for guidance.

He was 52 years old when Sheikh Usman Harawani, who was pleased with him, gave him a khirqah or patched cloak of successor ship and appointed him his khalifa or spiritual successor. Once again he left on his travels and went to Ush, Isfahan, and then Mecca for Hajj and Medina.

In the Prophet’s mosque in Medina, while he was praying he is said to have heard the Prophet’s voice telling him to to go to Hindustan and to the city of Ajmer.

At that time he had no idea where Ajmer was. However, he proceeded via Baghdad and Herat to Lahore and thence to Delhi and Ajmer. Muizuddin Muhammad bin Sam of Ghor had already defeated Prithviraj Chauhan and established his rule in Delhi.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti started living and preaching in Ajmer. His illuminating and instructive discourses, full of spiritual insights, soon drew the local populace to him and he began to attract devotees from far and wide.

Some of his teachings were:

“Awwal sakhawate chun sakhawate dariya, dom shafqat-e-chun shafqat-e-aftab, siwam tawazo-e-chun tawazo-e-zameen (First, river like generosity; second, sun-like affection, and third, earth like hospitality).”

When once asked about the highest devotion of God, Gharib Nawaz remarked that it was nothing but: “Dar mandgaan ra fariyad raseedan wa haajat-e-baichaargaan ra rawa kardan wa gursingaan ra sair gardaneedan (To redress the misery of those in distress, to fulfil the needs of the helpless and to feed the hungry).”

He earned the soubriquet of Garib Nawaz or patron of the poor; even today thousands are fed in his dargah daily. The two huge deghs or pots donated by Mughal emperors, Akbar and Jahangir, in which rice is cooked and distributed daily are world famous. The pot presented by Akbar holds 4800kg of food and the one by Jahangir holds 2,400kg of food. Many grateful devotees whose prayers have been fulfilled contribute to it daily.

This year his urs falls on March 24, and is celebrated by millions from across the world. I get many questions on why a death anniversary is celebrated or what is an “Urs”. So here is a little explanation on that.

Urs comes from Arabic and literally means “wedding”.  The death anniversary of a Sufi saint in South Asia, is usually celebrated as a wedding anniversary at the saint’s dargah (shrine or tomb).

Why a wedding anniversary?

To understand that we must understand that a Sufi saint’s beloved is Allah and he/she spends their entire lifetime perfecting and preparing themselves for that union, which will be attained after death when the soul achieves union with the beloved divine.

This is ishq-e-haqeeqi which literally means “the real love” metaphorically signifies “the love of God”. It refers to the belief that only God is worth loving and he is the only one who can return his creature’s love for him.

https://www.dailyo.in/arts/sufism-saints-islam-khwaja-garib-nawaz-khwaja-moinuddin-chisti-urs-wedding-anniversary/story/1/23053.html

A baby was born in Sijistan (modern-day Sistan) in Iran around 536 AH or 1141/42 AD. His parents named him Moinuddin Hasan, and are said to have affectionately called him Hasan. Today, he is known by many names, the most famous of them being Khwaja Garib Nawaz and Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti. His life is described in the famous book Siyar ul Arifin (Biographies of Mystics) written in the 16th century by the famous Sufi saint, Jamali, who collected stories from Iran and India.

The little child was special and showed his famous earth-like generosity right from his infancy itself. It is said that whenever any woman with a child came to his house and that child cried for milk, he would signal to his mother to give his share to that baby.

The turning point in his life came when he was in his teens. His father Saiyed Ghiyasuddin Hasan had died, and Moinuddin Hasan lived on his earnings from a garden and water mill, left to him by his father. A mazjub or a saint, Ibrahim Qandoozi, intoxicated by the thought or nearness of God came into that garden as Hasan was watering it. The young Moinuddin Hasan welcomed him and offered him some grapes. The saint was greatly pleased and taking out a piece of cake from his bag, chewed on a piece of it and then put it in the mouth of the young boy. As soon as he ate it, he experienced a change within him – a strange repulsion for worldly goods. He sold his garden and water mill and distributed the proceeds among the local mendicants.

He started living in Samarqand and Bukhara and studied the Quran and religious texts. After some years he went to Harwan in Nishapur (Iran) where he practised austerities under Sheikh Usman Harawani. He served his sheikh for many years. The search for knowledge led Moinuddin Hasan to many cities and he spent some time with the famed Baghdad Sufi saint Ghaus ul Azam of Abdul Qadir Jilani. Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan became very famous as a mystic and thousands would flock to him for guidance.

He was 52 years old when Sheikh Usman Harawani, who was pleased with him, gave him a khirqah or patched cloak of successor ship and appointed him his khalifa or spiritual successor. Once again he left on his travels and went to Ush, Isfahan, and then Mecca for Hajj and Medina.

In the Prophet’s mosque in Medina, while he was praying he is said to have heard the Prophet’s voice telling him to to go to Hindustan and to the city of Ajmer.

At that time he had no idea where Ajmer was. However, he proceeded via Baghdad and Herat to Lahore and thence to Delhi and Ajmer. Muizuddin Muhammad bin Sam of Ghor had already defeated Prithviraj Chauhan and established his rule in Delhi.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti started living and preaching in Ajmer. His illuminating and instructive discourses, full of spiritual insights, soon drew the local populace to him and he began to attract devotees from far and wide.

Some of his teachings were:

“Awwal sakhawate chun sakhawate dariya, dom shafqat-e-chun shafqat-e-aftab, siwam tawazo-e-chun tawazo-e-zameen (First, river like generosity; second, sun-like affection, and third, earth like hospitality).”

When once asked about the highest devotion of God, Gharib Nawaz remarked that it was nothing but: “Dar mandgaan ra fariyad raseedan wa haajat-e-baichaargaan ra rawa kardan wa gursingaan ra sair gardaneedan (To redress the misery of those in distress, to fulfil the needs of the helpless and to feed the hungry).”

He earned the soubriquet of Garib Nawaz or patron of the poor; even today thousands are fed in his dargah daily. The two huge deghs or pots donated by Mughal emperors, Akbar and Jahangir, in which rice is cooked and distributed daily are world famous. The pot presented by Akbar holds 4800kg of food and the one by Jahangir holds 2,400kg of food. Many grateful devotees whose prayers have been fulfilled contribute to it daily.

This year his urs falls on March 24, and is celebrated by millions from across the world. I get many questions on why a death anniversary is celebrated or what is an “Urs”. So here is a little explanation on that.

Urs comes from Arabic and literally means “wedding”.  The death anniversary of a Sufi saint in South Asia, is usually celebrated as a wedding anniversary at the saint’s dargah (shrine or tomb).

Why a wedding anniversary?

To understand that we must understand that a Sufi saint’s beloved is Allah and he/she spends their entire lifetime perfecting and preparing themselves for that union, which will be attained after death when the soul achieves union with the beloved divine.

This is ishq-e-haqeeqi which literally means “the real love” metaphorically signifies “the love of God”. It refers to the belief that only God is worth loving and he is the only one who can return his creature’s love for him.

https://www.dailyo.in/arts/sufism-saints-islam-khwaja-garib-nawaz-khwaja-moinuddin-chisti-urs-wedding-anniversary/story/1/23053.html

A baby was born in Sijistan (modern-day Sistan) in Iran around 536 AH or 1141/42 AD. His parents named him Moinuddin Hasan, and are said to have affectionately called him Hasan. Today, he is known by many names, the most famous of them being Khwaja Garib Nawaz and Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti. His life is described in the famous book Siyar ul Arifin (Biographies of Mystics) written in the 16th century by the famous Sufi saint, Jamali, who collected stories from Iran and India.

The little child was special and showed his famous earth-like generosity right from his infancy itself. It is said that whenever any woman with a child came to his house and that child cried for milk, he would signal to his mother to give his share to that baby.

The turning point in his life came when he was in his teens. His father Saiyed Ghiyasuddin Hasan had died, and Moinuddin Hasan lived on his earnings from a garden and water mill, left to him by his father. A mazjub or a saint, Ibrahim Qandoozi, intoxicated by the thought or nearness of God came into that garden as Hasan was watering it. The young Moinuddin Hasan welcomed him and offered him some grapes. The saint was greatly pleased and taking out a piece of cake from his bag, chewed on a piece of it and then put it in the mouth of the young boy. As soon as he ate it, he experienced a change within him – a strange repulsion for worldly goods. He sold his garden and water mill and distributed the proceeds among the local mendicants.

He started living in Samarqand and Bukhara and studied the Quran and religious texts. After some years he went to Harwan in Nishapur (Iran) where he practised austerities under Sheikh Usman Harawani. He served his sheikh for many years. The search for knowledge led Moinuddin Hasan to many cities and he spent some time with the famed Baghdad Sufi saint Ghaus ul Azam of Abdul Qadir Jilani. Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan became very famous as a mystic and thousands would flock to him for guidance.

He was 52 years old when Sheikh Usman Harawani, who was pleased with him, gave him a khirqah or patched cloak of successor ship and appointed him his khalifa or spiritual successor. Once again he left on his travels and went to Ush, Isfahan, and then Mecca for Hajj and Medina.

In the Prophet’s mosque in Medina, while he was praying he is said to have heard the Prophet’s voice telling him to to go to Hindustan and to the city of Ajmer.

At that time he had no idea where Ajmer was. However, he proceeded via Baghdad and Herat to Lahore and thence to Delhi and Ajmer. Muizuddin Muhammad bin Sam of Ghor had already defeated Prithviraj Chauhan and established his rule in Delhi.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti started living and preaching in Ajmer. His illuminating and instructive discourses, full of spiritual insights, soon drew the local populace to him and he began to attract devotees from far and wide.

Some of his teachings were:

“Awwal sakhawate chun sakhawate dariya, dom shafqat-e-chun shafqat-e-aftab, siwam tawazo-e-chun tawazo-e-zameen (First, river like generosity; second, sun-like affection, and third, earth like hospitality).”

When once asked about the highest devotion of God, Gharib Nawaz remarked that it was nothing but: “Dar mandgaan ra fariyad raseedan wa haajat-e-baichaargaan ra rawa kardan wa gursingaan ra sair gardaneedan (To redress the misery of those in distress, to fulfil the needs of the helpless and to feed the hungry).”

He earned the soubriquet of Garib Nawaz or patron of the poor; even today thousands are fed in his dargah daily. The two huge deghs or pots donated by Mughal emperors, Akbar and Jahangir, in which rice is cooked and distributed daily are world famous. The pot presented by Akbar holds 4800kg of food and the one by Jahangir holds 2,400kg of food. Many grateful devotees whose prayers have been fulfilled contribute to it daily.

This year his urs falls on March 24, and is celebrated by millions from across the world. I get many questions on why a death anniversary is celebrated or what is an “Urs”. So here is a little explanation on that.

Urs comes from Arabic and literally means “wedding”.  The death anniversary of a Sufi saint in South Asia, is usually celebrated as a wedding anniversary at the saint’s dargah (shrine or tomb).

Why a wedding anniversary?

To understand that we must understand that a Sufi saint’s beloved is Allah and he/she spends their entire lifetime perfecting and preparing themselves for that union, which will be attained after death when the soul achieves union with the beloved divine.

This is ishq-e-haqeeqi which literally means “the real love” metaphorically signifies “the love of God”. It refers to the belief that only God is worth loving and he is the only one who can return his creature’s love for him.

https://www.dailyo.in/arts/sufism-saints-islam-khwaja-garib-nawaz-khwaja-moinuddin-chisti-urs-wedding-anniversary/story/1/23053.html