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    My favorite artworks from European Museums

    My favorite artworks from European Museums

    Gandhara Art in Humboldt Forum: Life of Lord Buddha

    Gandhara Art in Humboldt Forum: Life of Lord Buddha

    Jewish Heroes Square in Krakow, Poland

    Jewish Heroes Square in Krakow, Poland

    Block no. 4 in Auschwitz concentration camp

    Block no. 4 in Auschwitz concentration camp

    Ottoman tent in Princess Czartoryski Museum in Krakow, Poland

    Ottoman tent in Princess Czartoryski Museum in Krakow, Poland

    The Steam Engine Building, Potsdam, Germany

    The Steam Engine Building, Potsdam, Germany

    Assyrian human-headed winged bull from Nimrud; 9th cent. BCE; Pergamon Museum, Berlin

    Assyrian human-headed winged bull from Nimrud; 9th cent. BCE; Pergamon Museum, Berlin

    Catacombs in St Peter’s Abbey Salzburg, Austria

    Catacombs in St Peter’s Abbey Salzburg, Austria

    St Nicholas Church in #Leipzeg, #Germany

    St Nicholas Church in #Leipzeg, #Germany

    Gloriette, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna,Austria

    Gloriette, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna,Austria

    Matthias Church on Buda Castle Hill, Budapest

    Matthias Church on Buda Castle Hill, Budapest

    The Neptune fountain in Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria

    The Neptune fountain in Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria

    The Dohany Street synagogue in Budapest

    St Peter’s Abbey Church in Salzburg, Austria

    St Peter’s Abbey Church in Salzburg, Austria

    The Residence Fountain in Salzburg: Oundof Music

    The Residence Fountain in Salzburg: Oundof Music

    Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

    Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

    Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

    Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

    Jahan koshan cannon, Murshidabad

    Jahan koshan cannon, Murshidabad

    Takht-e Marar, Golestan Palance, Teheran, Iran

    Takht-e Marar, Golestan Palance, Teheran, Iran

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      My favorite artworks from European Museums

      My favorite artworks from European Museums

      Gandhara Art in Humboldt Forum: Life of Lord Buddha

      Gandhara Art in Humboldt Forum: Life of Lord Buddha

      Jewish Heroes Square in Krakow, Poland

      Jewish Heroes Square in Krakow, Poland

      Block no. 4 in Auschwitz concentration camp

      Block no. 4 in Auschwitz concentration camp

      Ottoman tent in Princess Czartoryski Museum in Krakow, Poland

      Ottoman tent in Princess Czartoryski Museum in Krakow, Poland

      The Steam Engine Building, Potsdam, Germany

      The Steam Engine Building, Potsdam, Germany

      Assyrian human-headed winged bull from Nimrud; 9th cent. BCE; Pergamon Museum, Berlin

      Assyrian human-headed winged bull from Nimrud; 9th cent. BCE; Pergamon Museum, Berlin

      Catacombs in St Peter’s Abbey Salzburg, Austria

      Catacombs in St Peter’s Abbey Salzburg, Austria

      St Nicholas Church in #Leipzeg, #Germany

      St Nicholas Church in #Leipzeg, #Germany

      Gloriette, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna,Austria

      Gloriette, Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna,Austria

      Matthias Church on Buda Castle Hill, Budapest

      Matthias Church on Buda Castle Hill, Budapest

      The Neptune fountain in Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria

      The Neptune fountain in Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria

      The Dohany Street synagogue in Budapest

      St Peter’s Abbey Church in Salzburg, Austria

      St Peter’s Abbey Church in Salzburg, Austria

      The Residence Fountain in Salzburg: Oundof Music

      The Residence Fountain in Salzburg: Oundof Music

      Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

      Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

      Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

      Sultana Daku and Raj Bhawan of Nainital

      Jahan koshan cannon, Murshidabad

      Jahan koshan cannon, Murshidabad

      Takht-e Marar, Golestan Palance, Teheran, Iran

      Takht-e Marar, Golestan Palance, Teheran, Iran

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      Dargah Shah e Mardan in Jorbagh

      inHazrat-E-Dilli, Medieval Indian History
      0

      Do not let your difficulties fill you with anxiety, after all it is only in the darkest nights that stars shine more brightly.”
      ― Hazrat Ali Ibn Abu-Talib A.S

      Hazrat Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet pbuh and according to the Shias his chosen successor because of the Prophet’s pronouncement in Ghadeer :

      Man Kunto Maula

      Fa hada Aliyun Maula

      For those whom I am Maula

      Ali is also a Maula

      The interpretation of Maula is taken by the Shias as leader and by others as friend.

      Except for Naqshbandi Sufis all other Sufi silsilas go back to Ali.

      The Safavis of Iran were Shias ( Shia itself means friend and so Shia means friends of Ali) and they were responsible for the spread of Shia faith in Iran and to some other parts of the world.

      The fall of the Safavid dynasty and the growth of the Mughal dynasty in India saw an exodus of many Persian nobles to India. Many were all raised to positions of importance in the Mughal court. Nur Jahan was a Shia and many Shias gained high positions in Jahangir’s reign.

      Aurangzeb however was a strict Sunni Muslim and did not encourage Shias and many faced persecution under him.

      Edward Gibbon the famous British historian said for Hazrat Ali : “The zeal and virtue of Ali were never outstripped by any recent proselyte. He united the qualifications of a poet, a soldier, and a saint; his wisdom still breathes in a collection of moral and religious sayings; and every antagonist, in the combats of the tongue or of the sword, was subdued by his eloquence and valour.”

      Ali was the epitome of knowledge, wisdom. Generosity and valour and he was given the title of Shah e Mardan : King of men. Therefore many dargahs devoted to Ali are called Shah e MArdan. In fact there is a qawwali on Ali

      Shah-e-Mardan Sher-e-Yazdan

      Quwat–e-Parwardigar

      La fata Illa Ali La Saif Illa Zulfiqar

      (King of men, Lion of Yazdan

      Strength of God

      There is no one unconquerable like Ali

      There is no sword like Zulfiqar.)

      So it should come as no surprise to anyone that Ali is the one whose help is invoked by those in time of need.

      The storyof the Dargah in Aliganj (Jorbagh) is also related to this.

      In the 15th or 16th century ( no exact dates are available for this) a Shia man Arif Shah was running from persecution . He was followed by the army. Tired from running he stopped to rest in Aliganj on the exact spot that his dargah is made and started invoking Ali.

      Ya Ali madad.

      Very soon he saw a very very gentleman who put his hand on his head and kept pressing it down till he became as small as a 2 year old child. The army very soon caught up with him but to their surprise they saw only a small child and they moved on. Arif Shah soon came back to his normal size and saw that the spot on which his savior Maula Ali had stood was a footmark. The dargah of Hazrat Arif Shah was built on this place. His urs is in the month of sawan.

       

      20140914_140542

       

      20140914_140358In the compound of his dargah is curved Bangla type bulding. It was initially a mosque but today is used for residential purposes by the caretakers and a storehouse.20140914_140426He established a dargah there called Dargah Qadam Sharif.

      20140914_142251The photograph below is the actual Qadam Sharif or footmark of Hazrat Ali

      20140914_134747This small building made by him was later improved upon and rebuilt on a grander scale by Qudsia Begum, one of the wives of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah ‘Rangeela’ in 1719–48.

      20140914_134740Next to the QadamSharif or footmark is a another shrine which is called Bibi ki Chakki. It is said to be the millstone used by Bibi Fatima the daughter of the Prophet and Hazrat Ali’s wife. Respecting her desire for purdah I have not clicked any photographs of the shrine though this is somewhere I go very often to pray and ask for fulfillment of wishes.

      Another shrine dedicated to Imam Musa Kazim has also been built .

      20140914_142228Most people wrongly attribute the establishment of the Dargah itself to Qudsia Begum but that is inaccurate.

      She was probably responsible for this present structure and the mosques in the compound.

      There is a majlis khana which has been added to by the son of Justice Murtaza FAzle Ali as per his wishes.

      The Dargah once spread as far as Safdarjung’s tomb. In fact the Nawab’s body was kept in the Dargah while the tomb was being built.

      Attached to the dargah is a mosque – Lal Masjid.

      The entrance once the Naubat khana is not in a very healthy state today.

      20140914_140640

      Nearby is another enclosure called the Karbala after the battlefield and burial place of Hazrat Ali’s son Imam Hussain who was martyred there along with his friends and family.

      Karbalas in India are now a generic name for Shia cemeteries and the place where taziya processions end on 10th Moharrum.

      This place is one of the oldest Shia burial places in the city too.

      At the entrance of the Karbala is a unique mosque. The only built structure there is a mehrab wall. It is called the Qanaati Masjid (mosque of the awning) after the permanent awning used to provide shelter to the worshippers. This is dated as being late Mughal period. It is said to have had underground chambers which are now inaccessible. It was built of rubble masonry but like many buildings in Delhi and elsewhere has been plastered and painted over.

      IMG_20140914_142909

      The only significant structure inside the Karbala is a small mausoleum called the tomb of Mah Khanam. It is not known who Mah Khanam was, but the tomb was built approximately around ad 1726. This is a square building with a vaulted roof; a staircase descends underground on one side, leading to the marble-covered gravestone in the crypt below. Mah Khanam’s Tomb has been plastered and painted over to such an extent that you can’t see any signs of decoration it might have sported earlier.IMG_20140914_143056

      The only other significant grave is of Justice Murtaza Fazale Ali.

      There are some random graves but today all burial there has been stopped.IMG_20140914_143131
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      Today the Karbala is a site of ongoing land dispute between the Karbala authorities and a nursery, which has been set up there. It has seen many protests between owners of Rajdhani Nursery and Anjuman e Haideri (the Dargah trust) and local Shias. Today there is a police guard permanently stationed and entry is restricted.

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      Rana Safvi

      Come, explore and fall in love the Beauties of Delhi (Dilli ki Ranaiya’n) and the World with me, Rana Safvi

      I have a masters in medieval history from the prestigious Centre for Advanced Studies, Dept. of History, AMU. A firm believer in our Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb, I am passionate about gaining and sharing knowledge and these days I am doing it via the social media platform.

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      © 2018 Rana Safvi - A blog Exploring Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb of India, website handcrafted by Abu Sufiyan.