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    Confluence not Erasure: The Church of El Salvador in Toledo, Spain

    Confluence not Erasure: The Church of El Salvador in Toledo, Spain

    Mezquita/Cathedral del Cristo de la Luz – Where Architecture Tells a Tale

    Mezquita/Cathedral del Cristo de la Luz – Where Architecture Tells a Tale

    The Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca In Toledo, Spain—often called the “City of Three Cultures”

    The Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca In Toledo, Spain—often called the “City of Three Cultures”

    East Side Gallery, Berlin

    Neptune Fountain in Berlin

    Neptune Fountain in Berlin

    Aligarh’s Jama Masjid

    Aligarh’s Jama Masjid

    Darbar of Guru Ram Rai in Dehradun

    Darbar of Guru Ram Rai in Dehradun

    Lord Buddha’s sermon in Kausambi, Allahabad and the Fortress

    Lord Buddha’s sermon in Kausambi, Allahabad and the Fortress

    Abu Serga Church, Cairo

    Abu Serga Church, Cairo

    The Exquisite Badal Mahal in Bundi Part 1

    The Exquisite Badal Mahal in Bundi Part 1

    Jhanjhiri Mosque in Jaunpur

    Jhanjhiri Mosque in Jaunpur

    Gurudwara Lekhensar Sahib‬ in Talwandi Sabo

    Gurudwara Lekhensar Sahib‬ in Talwandi Sabo

    Ulugh Beg’s Observatory in Samarqand, Uzbekistan

    Ulugh Beg’s Observatory in Samarqand, Uzbekistan

    Rani Ki Baori, Bundi, Rajasthan

    Rani Ki Baori, Bundi, Rajasthan

    Bundi Fort, Rajasthan

    Bundi Fort, Rajasthan

    Rock Paintings in Bundi, Rajasthan

    Rock Paintings in Bundi, Rajasthan

    A Classical Nayika in Indian Paintings

    A Classical Nayika in Indian Paintings

    Jhat pat Bibi ki kahani

    Jhat pat Bibi ki kahani

    Jahangir ‘s Jade Cup

    Jahangir ‘s Jade Cup

    The Jama Masjid in Bodh Gaya

    The Jama Masjid in Bodh Gaya

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      Confluence not Erasure: The Church of El Salvador in Toledo, Spain

      Confluence not Erasure: The Church of El Salvador in Toledo, Spain

      Mezquita/Cathedral del Cristo de la Luz – Where Architecture Tells a Tale

      Mezquita/Cathedral del Cristo de la Luz – Where Architecture Tells a Tale

      The Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca In Toledo, Spain—often called the “City of Three Cultures”

      The Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca In Toledo, Spain—often called the “City of Three Cultures”

      East Side Gallery, Berlin

      Neptune Fountain in Berlin

      Neptune Fountain in Berlin

      Aligarh’s Jama Masjid

      Aligarh’s Jama Masjid

      Darbar of Guru Ram Rai in Dehradun

      Darbar of Guru Ram Rai in Dehradun

      Lord Buddha’s sermon in Kausambi, Allahabad and the Fortress

      Lord Buddha’s sermon in Kausambi, Allahabad and the Fortress

      Abu Serga Church, Cairo

      Abu Serga Church, Cairo

      The Exquisite Badal Mahal in Bundi Part 1

      The Exquisite Badal Mahal in Bundi Part 1

      Jhanjhiri Mosque in Jaunpur

      Jhanjhiri Mosque in Jaunpur

      Gurudwara Lekhensar Sahib‬ in Talwandi Sabo

      Gurudwara Lekhensar Sahib‬ in Talwandi Sabo

      Ulugh Beg’s Observatory in Samarqand, Uzbekistan

      Ulugh Beg’s Observatory in Samarqand, Uzbekistan

      Rani Ki Baori, Bundi, Rajasthan

      Rani Ki Baori, Bundi, Rajasthan

      Bundi Fort, Rajasthan

      Bundi Fort, Rajasthan

      Rock Paintings in Bundi, Rajasthan

      Rock Paintings in Bundi, Rajasthan

      A Classical Nayika in Indian Paintings

      A Classical Nayika in Indian Paintings

      Jhat pat Bibi ki kahani

      Jhat pat Bibi ki kahani

      Jahangir ‘s Jade Cup

      Jahangir ‘s Jade Cup

      The Jama Masjid in Bodh Gaya

      The Jama Masjid in Bodh Gaya

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      History of writing, books and printing press on #worldbookday

      inOur Cultural Heritage
      0

      #worldbookday

      Clay tablets used in Mesopotamia in 3BC. The calamus, triangle shaped instrument was used to make characters in moist clay.

      Clay tablets with cuneiform script

      At Nineveh, 22,000 tablets found, dating from the 7c BC- the archive &library of the kings of Assyria

      In Ancient Egypt, papyrus was used for writing & first evidence from about 2400 BC

      A calamus, the stem of a reed sharpened to a point, or bird feathers were used for writing

      Papermaking started in China about AD 105, using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste

      paper used for wrapping & padding was used in China since 2BC paper used as a writing medium only became widespread by the 3C

      The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 marks the entry of the book into the Industrial Age

      Books printed before January 1, 1501, are called incunables.

      Jikji, Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages, earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377

      1455:The Gutenberg Bible 1stmajor book printed in Europe with movable metal type by Johannes Gutenberg

      The first book printed in India was Conclusões e outras coisas Printing in Goa during 1556 CE

      first book printed in India in an Indian language was tampirAn vaNakkam in 1578, a 16-page translation of the Portuguese “Doctrina Christam

      1456: Gutenberg the German genius found out the printing technology. The first book ever printed was the Bible

      A printing press was sent from Portugal to Abyssinia. The ship carrying it reached Malabar coast & kept so 1st printing press

      First printing press in India:

      at Ambazhakad in kerala in 1556 after ship Carrying press kept in Kerala by Jesuits

      Doctrina Christum, a Latin book by St. Francis Xavier was the first publication from Ambazhakad in Kerala

      However , the firstbook printed in any Indian language from Malabar happened to be a Tamil one – Thampuran Vanakkam

      Priest Johanus Gonsalvus carved out the ‘Malabar’ Alphabet.

      Father Hendrick published Malayalam version of Doctrina Christum and ‘Thampuran Vanakam’ by name ‘Christava Vanakkam’ in 1579

      First book in Bangla

      Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, A Grammar of the Bengal Language (Hugli, India, 1778).

      First printed book in Hindi. A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language (Calcutta, India: Chronicle Press, 1796).

      First printed book in Oriya. Mrtyuñjaya Bidyalankar, trans.[New Testament] (Shrirampur, India: Serampore Mission Press, 1807).

      First printed book in Malayalam. [New Testament] (Bombay, India: Courier Press, 1811).

      First printed book in Assamese. William Carey,trans. [New Testament] (Shrirampur, India: Serampore Mission Press, 1813).

      First printed book in Telugu. Grammar of Telugu (Shrirampur, India: Serampore Mission Press, 1813).

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      Rana Safvi

      Come, explore and fall in love the Beauties of Delhi (Dilli ki Ranaiya’n) and the World with me, Rana Safvi

      I have a masters in medieval history from the prestigious Centre for Advanced Studies, Dept. of History, AMU. A firm believer in our Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb, I am passionate about gaining and sharing knowledge and these days I am doing it via the social media platform.

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